Канал: Mineralogy & Earth Materials

Mohs H Scale Minerals - Formula weights

Mohs H Scale Minerals - Formula weights

Convert molarity to ppm

Convert molarity to ppm

How much of a mineral will dissolve in water? Fluorite example

How much of a mineral will dissolve in water? Fluorite example

Mirror Symmetry/Symmetry Planes

Mirror Symmetry/Symmetry Planes

$Diffractogram: how to calculate d-spacings$

Diffractogram: how to calculate d-spacings

Create a plot in Excel with different series

Create a plot in Excel with different series

Luster

Luster

Calculating Mineral Components 4: convert olivine formula to weight %

Calculating Mineral Components 4: convert olivine formula to weight %

Calculating Mineral Components 5: convert feldspar mole% to wt. %

Calculating Mineral Components 5: convert feldspar mole% to wt. %

Isotropic and uniaxial indicatrix (by Jenn Wenner)

Isotropic and uniaxial indicatrix (by Jenn Wenner)

Biaxial Indicatrix and potatoes (by J. Wenner)

Biaxial Indicatrix and potatoes (by J. Wenner)

Why do we have two different equations for Gibbs Free Energy

Why do we have two different equations for Gibbs Free Energy

Why is 0 Kelvins, or -273.15 deg C the Coldest Possible Temperature

Why is 0 Kelvins, or -273.15 deg C the Coldest Possible Temperature

Second Law of Thermodynamics Part I

Second Law of Thermodynamics Part I

Intensive & Extensive Properties

Intensive & Extensive Properties

How to Calculate Keq from Thermodynamic Tables: Quartz + Water example

How to Calculate Keq from Thermodynamic Tables: Quartz + Water example

Hess' Law: Gibbs Free Energy example

Hess' Law: Gibbs Free Energy example

Hess' Law Part I: enthalpy of reaction from thermodynamic tables

Hess' Law Part I: enthalpy of reaction from thermodynamic tables

Osmosis & Osmotic Pressure

Osmosis & Osmotic Pressure

How to Read Thermodynamic Tables (e.g., Robie et al. 1979)

How to Read Thermodynamic Tables (e.g., Robie et al. 1979)

Henry's law Raoult's Law and Activity

Henry's law Raoult's Law and Activity

Fugactiy and activity: definnitiions and use

Fugactiy and activity: definnitiions and use

Chemical potential

Chemical potential

Equilibrium constant: origin and meaning (general case)

Equilibrium constant: origin and meaning (general case)

Equilibrium Constant (Keq): origin and meaning

Equilibrium Constant (Keq): origin and meaning

Activation energy part II: metastable states

Activation energy part II: metastable states

Heat capacity part II: example calculations

Heat capacity part II: example calculations

Activation energy part I: C example

Activation energy part I: C example

Heat capacity part I: derivation, meaning of Cv and Cp

Heat capacity part I: derivation, meaning of Cv and Cp

Enthalpy: how it is derived and why we need it

Enthalpy: how it is derived and why we need it

Gibbs Free energy (dG = VdP - SdT): how it's derived and why we need it

Gibbs Free energy (dG = VdP - SdT): how it's derived and why we need it

Charles law part II (example of cooling)

Charles law part II (example of cooling)

Charles Law (Gay-Lussac's Law?) and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

Charles Law (Gay-Lussac's Law?) and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

Second Law of Thermodynamics part I

Second Law of Thermodynamics part I

Second Law of Thermodynamics Part II: Boltzman's Law

Second Law of Thermodynamics Part II: Boltzman's Law

First law of Thermodynamics

First law of Thermodynamics

Avagadro's Number: derivation from Braggs' Law

Avagadro's Number: derivation from Braggs' Law

Chemical Bonds - Introduction: Ionic, Covalent, Metallic

Chemical Bonds - Introduction: Ionic, Covalent, Metallic

Calculating Ionic Character: Al2O3 example

Calculating Ionic Character: Al2O3 example

Metallic Bonds & Band Gap Theory

Metallic Bonds & Band Gap Theory

Hydrogen Bonds and Van der Waals Bonds

Hydrogen Bonds and Van der Waals Bonds

Periodic Table 5: Rare Earth Elements (REE)

Periodic Table 5: Rare Earth Elements (REE)

Valence State & Oxidation State: defined

Valence State & Oxidation State: defined

Electronegativity: definition

Electronegativity: definition

Covalent and Ionic Character

Covalent and Ionic Character

Atomic weight and number

Atomic weight and number

Avagadro's number (part 1)

Avagadro's number (part 1)

Periodic Table 4: Transition elements

Periodic Table 4: Transition elements

Periodic Table 3: Alkali metals, alkaline earths

Periodic Table 3: Alkali metals, alkaline earths

Periodic Table 2: electron orbitals

Periodic Table 2: electron orbitals

Periodic Table 1: Principle Quantum number

Periodic Table 1: Principle Quantum number

Ionic bonds part 2: Coulomb Law

Ionic bonds part 2: Coulomb Law

Ionic bonds part 1: electrons

Ionic bonds part 1: electrons

Isotopes: examples

Isotopes: examples

Isotopes of Fe and the nuclear binding Energy

Isotopes of Fe and the nuclear binding Energy

Coulomb's Law and Melting Points

Coulomb's Law and Melting Points

Coulomb's Law and Mohs Hardness Scale

Coulomb's Law and Mohs Hardness Scale

Avagadro's Number: HgS example

Avagadro's Number: HgS example

Avagadro's number: SiO2 Example

Avagadro's number: SiO2 Example

Space groups

Space groups

Unit cell part I: Po example

Unit cell part I: Po example

Unit cell part 2: ZnS example

Unit cell part 2: ZnS example

Crystal systems: overview

Crystal systems: overview

Crystal zones (such as [001])

Crystal zones (such as [001])

Glide planes

Glide planes

Miller Indices: Hexagonal crystals

Miller Indices: Hexagonal crystals

Miller Indices: example 3 - infinite intercepts

Miller Indices: example 3 - infinite intercepts

Miller indices: octahedron

Miller indices: octahedron

Miller Indices: Example 2

Miller Indices: Example 2

The six crystal systems

The six crystal systems

Crystallographic Screw axes

Crystallographic Screw axes

Bravais lattices

Bravais lattices

Symmetry Theorems

Symmetry Theorems

32 pt groups (crystal classes)

32 pt groups (crystal classes)

Limits on combing symmetry elements

Limits on combing symmetry elements

Inversion or Center of symmetry

Inversion or Center of symmetry

Combining 2-fold axes and mirrors

Combining 2-fold axes and mirrors

4-fold rotoinversion

4-fold rotoinversion

3- and 6-fold rotoinversion

3- and 6-fold rotoinversion

2-fold rotoinversion

2-fold rotoinversion

Mirror Planes: examples

Mirror Planes: examples

1-fold rotoinversion symmetry

1-fold rotoinversion symmetry

Rotational Symmetry

Rotational Symmetry

Types of symmertry operations

Types of symmertry operations

Crystal Polyhedral Diagrams: olivine

Crystal Polyhedral Diagrams: olivine

Interatomic potentials

Interatomic potentials

Atomic radii: why do they vary (even for a single element)?

Atomic radii: why do they vary (even for a single element)?

Closest packed structures (CCP, HCP, BCC)

Closest packed structures (CCP, HCP, BCC)

Pauling's Rule 5

Pauling's Rule 5

Pauling's Rules 3 and 4

Pauling's Rules 3 and 4

Pauling's Rule 2 (Part A): the electrostatic valence principle SiO2 as an example

Pauling's Rule 2 (Part A): the electrostatic valence principle SiO2 as an example

Pauling's Rule 2 (part B): garnet example

Pauling's Rule 2 (part B): garnet example

Pauling's Rule 2 (part C)

Pauling's Rule 2 (part C)

Pauling's Rule 1: Coordination principle Radius Ratios

Pauling's Rule 1: Coordination principle Radius Ratios

Pauling's rules 1-5 overview

Pauling's rules 1-5 overview

Optic sign

Optic sign

Biaxial optics

Biaxial optics

Light Transmission in Isotropic and Uniaxial minerals

Light Transmission in Isotropic and Uniaxial minerals

Polarized Light in the Petrographic Microscope

Polarized Light in the Petrographic Microscope

Mineral Relief

Mineral Relief

$Index of refraction of minerals$

Index of refraction of minerals

Introduction to Optical Mineralogy

Introduction to Optical Mineralogy

Snell's Law

Snell's Law

Interference colors: examples

Interference colors: examples

Color and pleochroism: examples

Color and pleochroism: examples

Interference colors

Interference colors

Extinction in minerals

Extinction in minerals

Light traveling in Isotropic and Uniaxial minerals

Light traveling in Isotropic and Uniaxial minerals

Excel Tutorial: entering equations, making charts

Excel Tutorial: entering equations, making charts

$Full double refraction (birefringence)$

Full double refraction (birefringence)

Twinning: Carlsbad and Albite twins in feldspars

Twinning: Carlsbad and Albite twins in feldspars

Batch Melting (by Cin-Ty Lee)

Batch Melting (by Cin-Ty Lee)

$Braggs' Law and X-ray diffraction$

Braggs' Law and X-ray diffraction

Avagadro's number derived from Braggs' Law

Avagadro's number derived from Braggs' Law

Solid solution defects

Solid solution defects

Coupled substitutions

Coupled substitutions

Cation-cation substitutions

Cation-cation substitutions

Solid solution part I

Solid solution part I

What's a phase?

What's a phase?

Exsolution part II: pyroxenes

Exsolution part II: pyroxenes

Exsolution : orthoclase + albite

Exsolution : orthoclase + albite

Water + ethanol part 2

Water + ethanol part 2

Water + ethanol: Binary phase diagram and Boiling temperatures

Water + ethanol: Binary phase diagram and Boiling temperatures

Order-disorder

Order-disorder

Displacive phase transformations

Displacive phase transformations

Polymorphs: definition, examples

Polymorphs: definition, examples

Reconstructive phase transformations

Reconstructive phase transformations

Ternary/Triangular plotting: Excel example

Ternary/Triangular plotting: Excel example

Triangular plotting: equations to convert triangular to x-y coordinates

Triangular plotting: equations to convert triangular to x-y coordinates

Ternary/Triangular plotting: introduction

Ternary/Triangular plotting: introduction

Definition/derivation of pH

Definition/derivation of pH

Solubility products - introduction: calcite

Solubility products - introduction: calcite

Solubility products: comparing PbS and PbSO4

Solubility products: comparing PbS and PbSO4

Solubility products: fluorite example

Solubility products: fluorite example

Calculating Mineral Components VII (Sulfides 3)

Calculating Mineral Components VII (Sulfides 3)

Calculating Mineral components VI (Sulfides 2): bornite

Calculating Mineral components VI (Sulfides 2): bornite

Calculating mineral components V (Sulfides 1): pyrite solid solution

Calculating mineral components V (Sulfides 1): pyrite solid solution

Calculate Mineral Components V: plot a specific feldspar formula onto a binary phase diagram

Calculate Mineral Components V: plot a specific feldspar formula onto a binary phase diagram

Calculate Mineral Components IV: plot a specific olivine formula onto the olivine binary diagram

Calculate Mineral Components IV: plot a specific olivine formula onto the olivine binary diagram

Calculating Mineral Components III.2: convert wt. % feldspar components to mole % components

Calculating Mineral Components III.2: convert wt. % feldspar components to mole % components

Calculating Mineral Components II: obtain feldspar components from oxides

Calculating Mineral Components II: obtain feldspar components from oxides

Calculating Mineral Components III: convert % olivine components to Fo & Fa

Calculating Mineral Components III: convert % olivine components to Fo & Fa

Calculate mineral components I: olivine Fo or Fa from oxides

Calculate mineral components I: olivine Fo or Fa from oxides

Element partitioning III: mineral/silicate melt (olivine)

Element partitioning III: mineral/silicate melt (olivine)

Element partitioning IV: notation

Element partitioning IV: notation

Element partitioning I: mineral-fluid, zircon example

Element partitioning I: mineral-fluid, zircon example

Radioactive decay and age dating

Radioactive decay and age dating

Element partitioning II: metal/silicate partitioning, Cobalt

Element partitioning II: metal/silicate partitioning, Cobalt

Decay chain: Uranium 238 example

Decay chain: Uranium 238 example

Beta decay

Beta decay

Alpha decay

Alpha decay

Phyllosilicates part II

Phyllosilicates part II

Phyllosilicates Part IV: micas, composition and structure

Phyllosilicates Part IV: micas, composition and structure

Amphiboles: structure and chemistry

Amphiboles: structure and chemistry

Phyllosilicates part III: chemistry

Phyllosilicates part III: chemistry

Phyllosilicates I: introduction

Phyllosilicates I: introduction

Pyroxene structure

Pyroxene structure

Crystal Polyhedral diagrams

Crystal Polyhedral diagrams

Copper mining

Copper mining

Graphic Granite & Eutectic Crystallization

Graphic Granite & Eutectic Crystallization

Amethyst ColorIron

Amethyst ColorIron

Twinning in Minerals

Twinning in Minerals

Garnets and color

Garnets and color

Kimberlites & Diamonds

Kimberlites & Diamonds

Peridotite and olivine

Peridotite and olivine

Beryl, Chromium and Emerald

Beryl, Chromium and Emerald

Geodes and Agate

Geodes and Agate

Sulfides part III: economics & environment

Sulfides part III: economics & environment

Orbicular Granitoids and Supercooling

Orbicular Granitoids and Supercooling

Pegmatite and large crystals

Pegmatite and large crystals

Sulfides part II: CrystalStructure

Sulfides part II: CrystalStructure

Sulfides part I: identification

Sulfides part I: identification

Classification of Non silicates

Classification of Non silicates

Silicates 3: sheet & framework (phyllo- and tecto-silicates)

Silicates 3: sheet & framework (phyllo- and tecto-silicates)

Silicates 2: chain & ring silicates (ino- and cyclo-silicates_

Silicates 2: chain & ring silicates (ino- and cyclo-silicates_

Silicates 1 Classification: nesosilicates

Silicates 1 Classification: nesosilicates

Definition of a mineral

Definition of a mineral

Mineral classification

Mineral classification