Vande bharat Train I Train 18 I Sudhanshu Mani I वंदे भारत एक्सप्रेस

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The Vande Bharat Express, formerly known as Train 18,[2] is an electric multiple-unit train operated by Indian Railways. The train has achieved a max speed of 180 km/h (110 mph) during testing. Due to the railway track speed capacity and traffic constraints, the operating speed of the train is limited to 160 km/h (99 mph) on the Delhi-Bhopal route and 110–130 km/h (68-81 mph) on other routes due to safety concerns.[3][4]

It was designed by RDSO and manufactured by the Integral Coach Factory (ICF), located in Chennai.[5] Vande Bharat Express design and specifications has been standardized by RDSO.[5][6] It was made with low-cost maintenance and operational optimization in mind. The cost of a 16-coach Vande Bharat train is about ₹115 crore (US$14 million).[7]The cost of 8-coach Mini Vande Bharat(MVB2) train is about ₹70 crore (US$8.8 million).

On 27 January 2019, 'Train 18' was renamed as 'Vande Bharat Express'. The train went into service on 15 February 2019.

Background
The Vande Bharat Express is based on Mainline Electric Multiple Unit (MEMU) trainsets, of which the standard design has been in service since the mid-1990s. The Integral Coach Factory has manufactured MEMU technology for the last 25 years.[9] As a supplement for the long-distance Vande Bharat Express, a modified MEMU was built incorporating Vande Bharat technology for suburban, commuter and short-distance intercity runs.[10]

In June 2015, Indian Railways issued a bid for train manufacturing, but no bid met the necessary criteria, leading to the decision to manufacture trains independently in India.[citation needed]

Two new trains were announced to be manufactured at ICF and were named "Train-2018" due to the targeted completion date.[11][12]

Manufacturing first set
The manufacture of "Train-2018" was completed in October 2018. During the test runs, the train achieved an operational speed of 180 km/h (110 mph), matching the speed achieved by a locomotive-hauled consist largely made of MEMU's EMU architecture coaches.[13] In Vande Bharat rakes, out of 16 coaches 8 are motorised providing approximately 12000 HP of power to the train, some of the trains in Mumbai-Shirdi and Mumbai-Solapur route have additional traction motor system and emergency park brakes which helps to climb the steep ghats.[14][15] The interior is a new kind of innovative design from ICF, Chennai.[16]

Trial runs
On 29 October 2018, the first trial took place in Chennai. The brakes and air conditioning were tested, and the crew was familiarized with key control systems.[17][18][19] An official from Indian Railways said that, during the low-speed run in Chennai, "some fuses went off," but the problem was small and easy to fix.[20] The second round of testing was scheduled in Delhi on 7 November 2018, and final trails were to be held on Kota–Sawai Madhopur.[21] The train was pulled by another locomotive that left on 11 November and arrived in Delhi on 13 November. Railway officials said that a separate locomotive was needed at the time of the test run, as the Train-18 was not yet certified to run on its own by the Commission of Railway Safety.[20]

On 17 November 2018, testing was scheduled to begin along a stretch of track between Bareilly and Moradabad in Uttar Pradesh. Due to a problem on this part of the track, the location was changed to Moradabad–Rampur.[22][23] Testing occurred at low speeds, ranging from 30–60 km/h (19–37 mph).[24] The train was then moved to a section of track on Kota–Sawai Madhopur to be tested at operating speed.[23] A team of six officials was put together by India's Research Design and Standards Organization (RDSO), which supervised the testing and gave the go-ahead for the final speed test.[19]

During shakedown, the first Vande Bharat consist achieved a speed of 180 kilometres per hour (110 mph), although the consist is designed for a maximum speed of 200 kilometres per hour (120 mph), and a design service speed of 160 kilometres per hour (99 mph). However, because the majority of Indian railways are not designed for 160 km/h service, in practice Vande Bharat consists are capped at maximum service speed of 130 kilometres per hour (81 mph).[25][26][27][28][29]

The specific energy consumption(sec) of gross ton/km was 15.4kWh, which is lesser than other Indian trains. As per simulation done at the ICF, the specific energy consumption of Shatabdi Express was 17.2 kWh per gross ton/km.[30]

According to Railway Minister, the second version of Vande Bharat Express accelerated from 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) in just 52 seconds during trials.

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