If the blade is badly pitted, dulled, or misshapen, start with a file to do the "heavy work" and then fine-tune the edge with a whetstone. Follow the original angle on the beveled side of the blade. Only pull the file in one direction across the blade. Moving back and forth can damage the file (unless it is one of the few specially designed for multi-directional use) and makes it easier to slip out of the proper bevel angle on the blade.
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