What are natural hazards? What are the different types of natural hazard? What is hazard risk? What factors affect hazard risk?
This is the first video for the AQA GCSE 9-1 Geography course, and the first video of the Challenge of Natural Hazards topic.
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00:00 What are natural hazards?
00:30 Types of natural hazards
00:50 Factors affecting hazard risk
02:28 Outro
Video Script:
What are natural hazards?
Natural hazards are natural events that have the potential to endanger human life, property and the economy. They can cause huge losses of life, disrupt human activities and cause lots of damage to property.
Or in AQA's words:
A natural hazard is a natural event that threatens people or has the potential to cause damage, destruction and death.
Types of natural hazards:
As there are many different natural hazards, like earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis and hurricanes, they can be grouped into different categories.
Tectonic hazards are created by the movement of Earth's tectonic plates. Examples include earthquakes and volcanoes. They may also be referred to as geological hazards.
Atmospheric or weather hazards are created in the atmosphere, by the movement of air and water. They include droughts and tropical storms.
Hazard risk:
Hazard risk is the chance of being affected by a natural event. It is affected by multiple factors.
Population density - Urbanisation has resulted in a large proportion of the world's population now living in densely populated cities. This increases the hazard risk, as more people will be affected if a hazard occurs.
Ability to cope - How well a population can cope with a hazard is a significant factor in the hazard risk, and is influenced by a wide range of other factors, such as wealth:
• High income countries are able to prepare for and respond to hazards more effectively because they have the wealth and resources to do so. This means they have a greater capacity to cope.
• In less developed areas of the world people often construct their homes themselves, which means they are poorly structured and easily damaged by hazards. This means when hazards occur more people are likely to be affected. For example, the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan caused around 16,000 deaths, whereas the lower magnitude 2010 earthquake in Haiti caused a much larger 230,000 deaths.
Where people live - The most obvious factor affecting hazard risk is where you live. If you live near a volcano, you're at a great risk of being affected by a volcanic eruption. If you live on low-lying land you're at a greater risk from flooding.
Climate change will also affect hazard risk. As will be explained in more detail in later videos, climate change may lead to more frequent and more intense tropical storms occurring in more locations. Sea level rise means more people will be at risk from flooding. Some areas of the world may become drier, making them more prone to droughts.
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GCSE Geography
20/04/2020
Keducate
