The Rwandan Genocide was a brutal massacre of the Tutsi ethnic group by the Hutu majority government and militia groups in Rwanda in 1994. The genocide, which lasted just 100 days, resulted in the deaths of an estimated 800,000 Tutsi people, along with moderate Hutus who opposed the genocide.

The roots of the genocide can be traced back to colonialism and the division of Rwandan society into Hutu and Tutsi categories by Belgian colonial authorities. The Tutsi were seen as more "civilized" and were favored by the colonial powers, leading to tensions between the two groups. After Rwanda gained independence in 1962, the Hutu majority came to power and tensions between the groups continued to simmer.

The assassination of Rwandan President Juvénal Habyarimana in April 1994 was the catalyst for the genocide. Hutu extremists accused the Tutsi rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), of being responsible for the assassination and used this as an excuse to begin the extermination of the Tutsi population. Hutu militia groups were organized and armed with machetes, clubs, and other crude weapons, and began killing Tutsi men, women, and children with extreme brutality.

The international community was slow to respond to the genocide, with many countries failing to intervene despite clear evidence of atrocities being committed. The United Nations, which had a peacekeeping force in Rwanda at the time, was criticized for its inaction in the face of the genocide.

The genocide came to an end when the RPF, led by current Rwandan President Paul Kagame, defeated the Hutu government and militia groups and established a new government. The aftermath of the genocide saw Rwanda facing a devastated economy, a traumatized population, and a deep sense of division and mistrust between the Hutu and Tutsi groups. The genocide also had broader implications for international law, with the establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda to prosecute those responsible for the genocide.

The impact of the Rwandan Genocide on Africa and the world cannot be overstated. The genocide shattered the image of Rwanda as a peaceful and stable country, and had a profound impact on the political and social dynamics of the entire region. It also served as a wake-up call for the international community about the dangers of ethnic divisions and political violence, and led to a renewed focus on the importance of human rights and the prevention of genocide.

Top 12 Moments on the Rwandan Genocide:

1 The assassination of Rwandan President Juvénal Habyarimana in April 1994, which was the catalyst for the genocide.

2 The beginning of the genocide on April 7, 1994, when Hutu militia groups began killing Tutsi men, women, and children with extreme brutality.

3 The inaction of the international community, which was slow to respond to the genocide despite clear evidence of atrocities being committed.

4 The failure of the United Nations peacekeeping force in Rwanda to prevent the genocide, which led to criticism of the organization.

5 The role of Hutu extremist radio stations in inciting violence against Tutsi people, which was a key element of the genocide.

6 The establishment of safe havens for Tutsi refugees by the United Nations, which were later attacked by Hutu militia groups.

7 The massacre at the École Technique Officielle, a technical school in Kigali where hundreds of Tutsi students and their families were killed.

8 The role of French forces in supporting the Hutu government during the genocide, which has been a source of controversy.

9 The use of rape as a weapon of war during the genocide, with an estimated 250,000 women and girls being sexually assaulted during the genocide.

10 The role of the RPF in ending the genocide, with the group defeating the Hutu government and establishing a new government.

11 The establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda to prosecute those responsible for the genocide, which was a landmark in international law.

12 The aftermath of the genocide, which saw Rwanda facing a devastated economy, a traumatized population, and a deep sense of division and mistrust between the Hutu and Tutsi groups.

The Rwandan Genocide was a tragic and devastating event in African history, with far-reaching consequences for the country and the region as a whole. The genocide serves as a reminder of the dangers of ethnic divisions and political violence, and the importance of promoting human rights and preventing genocide.
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