#PPR#DRMURTAZA#vaccinePPR#ANIMALSKNOWLEDGE#
PPR respiratory and digestive tract disease in goats by Dr MURTAZA KHALIL in ENGLISH..
This work is done by MK GROUP
Dr Murtaza khalil dvm
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Dr Murtaza khalil
Dr Asad abid
Dr subtain hundal
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ppr
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Common Names
Goat plaque,
Pest of small ruminants,
Stomatitis-pneumo-enteritis complex,
Pseudo-rinderpest,
Kata
Definition
PPR is an acute infectious viral disease of small ruminants, characterized by fever , oculo-nasal discharge, erosive stomatitis, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis.
Etiology
On the basis of its similarities to the viruses of Rinderpest, Canine_distemper, and Measles, the PPR virus has been classified with the genus Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae
Transmission
The discharges from eyes (tears ), nose and mouth, as well as coughed secretions, and all secretions and excretions of incubating and sick animals contain large amounts of the virus.
Transmission is required close contact. Contact infection occurs mainly through inhalation of aerosols produced by sneezing and coughing.
Fomites such as bedding may also contribute to the onset of an outbreak.
Pathogenesis
Droplets of infection ↓
Infect the respiratory system & multiply in upper respiratory tract & lymph node ↓
Viremia & distribute through out the body ↓
2ndary multiplication in L. node, RT, GIT & UT ↓
Release of virus to the circulation & secondary viremia occur. ↓
Clinical signs appear.
Clinical findings
Temperature to 104 to106
Restlessness
Dull coat
Necrotic lesions that involve the whole oral cavity.
Dry muzzle
Depression of appetite.
A clear water discharge starts from the eyes, nose mouth, later becoming thick and yellow is a result of secondary bacterial infection.
The mucous membrane of the mouth eyes become very reddened.
Serous nasal discharge becoming muco-purulent and resulting, at times, in a profuse catarrhal exudates which crusts over and occludes the nostrils - respiratory distress.
Congestion of conjunctiva, crusting on the medial canthus and sometimes profuse catarrhal conjunctivitis.
The lining of the mouth become pale and coated with dying cells and in some cases.
Diarrhea commonly appears about 2 to 3 days after the onset of fever.
Followed by severe dehydration, emaciation and dyspnea, followed by hypothermia and death usually occurs after a course of 5 to 10 days.
Broncho-pneumonia
Pregnant animals may abort
Diagnosis
A tentative diagnosis of PPR can be made on the basis of history, clinical signs, necropsy and epidemiological data
Introduction of purchased animals
Differential diagnosis
CCPP - No digestive involvement, signs and lesions are confined to respiratory system and pericardium
Blue tongue - Swelling of the lips, muzzle and oral mucosa. together with edema of the head region should severe but is not a feature of PPR. Also sheep are more affected than goats.
Contagious ecthyma ( Orf)-Proliferative not necrotic lesions that involve the lips rather than the whole oral cavity. The absence of nasal discharge and diarrhea also distinguish orf from PPR.
FMD - Comparatively mild and lameness is not a feature of PPR
Coccidiosis - There is no upper digestive tract and respiratory system involvement.
Prevention and control
Vaccination
For control and eradication-quarantine, slaughter and proper disposal of carcass and Contact fomites, decontamination and restrictions on importation of sheep and goats from affected areas.
