Topological qubits represent an innovative approach to quantum bits, using the principles of topology to improve stability and error resistance in quantum computing. First proposed by Alexei Kitaev in 1997, they rely on quasiparticles called anyons, which exist in two-dimensional systems. A key feature of topological qubits is their ability to store information in the braiding patterns of these anyons' world lines, providing enhanced protection from environmental noise compared to traditional qubits.

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