Meningeal Signs (Nuchal Rigidity, Brudzinke Sign, Kerning Sign) Made Easy

Signs of meningeal irritation explained with Mnemonics and animation

Nuchal rigidity:-
Nuchal rigidity simply refers to neck stiffness. Tightness and inability to move the neck muscles or feeling pain while trying to do so_ is an early warning sign of a number of conditions, some of them quite serious. Nuchal rigidity can range from minor pain to complete inability to turn your neck from side to side.

Brudzinke Sign:-
The Brudzinski's sign is positive when passive forward flexion of the neck causes the patient to involuntarily raise his knees or hips in flexion. Despite their historical significance, a positive result from either test has not been shown to be reliable indicators of meningitis

Kerning Sign:-
Kernig's sign is performed with the individual lying on their back with th their hips and knees flexed and bent at a 90-degree angle. Next, the clinician will slowly extend and straighten one knee at a time. Resistance, pain, or an inability to extend the knee is indicative of a positive Kernig's sign.

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