The chancellor of Germany is the political leader of Germany and the head of the federal government. The office holder is responsible for selecting all other members of the government and chairing cabinet meetings.

The office was created in the North German Confederation in 1867, when Otto von Bismarck became the first chancellor. With the unification of Germany and establishment of the German Empire in 1871, the Confederation evolved into a German nation-state and its leader became known as the chancellor of Germany. Originally, the chancellor was only responsible to the emperor. This changed with the constitutional reform in 1918, when the Parliament was given the right to dismiss the chancellor. Under the 1919 Weimar Constitution the chancellors were appointed by the directly elected president, but were responsible to Parliament. The constitution was set aside during the 1933–1945 Nazi dictatorship. During Allied occupation, no independent German government and no chancellor existed; and the office was not reconstituted in East Germany, thus the head of government of East Germany was chairman of the Council of Ministers. The 1949 Basic Law made the chancellor the most important office in West Germany, while diminishing the role of the president.

This is a chronologically ordered list of Chancellors of Germany.
* North German Confederation (1867–1871)
Otto von Bismarck (1867–71)

* German Empire (1871–1918)
Otto von Bismarck (1871–90)
Leo, Graf von Caprivi (1890–94)
Chlodwig Karl Viktor, prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1894–1900)
Bernhard, prince von Bülow (1900–09)
Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg (1909–17)
Georg Michaelis (1917)
Georg Friedrich, Graf von Hertling (1917–18)
Maximilian, prince of Baden (1918)
Friedrich Ebert (1918; oversaw transition to Weimar Republic as chairman of the Council of People’s Commissioners)

* Weimar Republic (1919–33)
Philipp Scheidemann (1919)
Gustav Bauer (1919–20)
Hermann Müller (1920; 1st time)
Konstantin Fehrenbach (1920–21)
Joseph Wirth (1921–22)
Wilhelm Cuno (1922–23)
Gustav Stresemann (1923)
Wilhelm Marx (1923–25; 1st time)
Hans Luther (1925–26)
Wilhelm Marx (1926–28; 2nd time)
Hermann Müller (1928–30; 2nd time)
Heinrich Brüning (1930–32)
Franz von Papen (1932)
Kurt von Schleicher (1932–33)

* Third Reich - Nazi Germany (1933–45)
Adolf Hitler (1933–45)
Joseph Goebbels (1945)
Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (1945)

* Federal Republic of Germany (1949–present)
Konrad Adenauer (1949–63)
Ludwig Erhard (1963–66)
Kurt Georg Kiesinger (1966–69)
Willy Brandt (1969–74)
Helmut Schmidt (1974–82)
Helmut Kohl (1982–98)
Gerhard Schröder (1998–2005)
Angela Merkel (2005–21)
Olaf Scholz (2021– present)

Source: Britannica

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