This video introduces the notion of "X-" (anionic) and "L-" (neutral) type ligands, and how ligand types, overall complex charges, and oxidation states are interrelated. We also describe chelation (κ, e.g. carboxylates, EDTA) and hapticity (η, e.g. benzene, cyclopentadienyl) in various ligands.

(This video is appropriate for students who have a meaningful background in organic chemistry, and is not appropriate for high school or general chemistry students learning about oxidation state for the first time.)

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