Pernicious anemia (types of anemia) nursing, pathophysiology, symptoms, and treatment for the NCLEX exam. Pernicious anemia is a form of vitamin b 12 anemia that is an autoimmune condition where the body does not produce intrinsic factor which plays a role in absorbing vitamin b 12.The body needs vitamin b 12 to make healthy red blood cells. A protein called intrinsic factor plays a role in the body’s ability to absorb vitamin b 12. Low vitamin B12 levels lead the body to produce unhealthy red blood cells. Pernicious anemia is a type of macrocytic anemia where the red blood cell will appear very large and oval-shaped (rather than normal sized and round-shaped). Signs and symptoms of pernicious anemia include feeling very fatigued, tingling or burning in the hand or feet (also called paresthesia), red, smooth tongue, depression, loss of appetite etc. Treatment for pernicious anemia is supplementation of vitamin B 12 through intramuscular injections of vitamin B 12. Nursing care of a patient with pernicious anemia include administering vitamin B 12 injections, educating the patient about the condition and medication regime, good oral hygiene due to tongue changes, and safety precautions due to paresthesia in the hands and feet.
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