The rock temples of Abu Simbel are among the most impressive ancient monuments of Egypt. They are located in the south of the country, near the border with Sudan, and were built during the reign of Pharaoh Ramses II in the 13th century BC.

There are two main temples: the Great Temple, dedicated to Ramses II, and a smaller temple, dedicated to his wife, Queen Nefertari. The Great Temple is particularly striking as its facade is dominated by four massive 20-meter-tall statues of Ramses II, carved into the rock. The temple is dedicated to the sun god Ra-Horakhty and was meant to emphasize Ramses’ power and divine status.

Inside the temple are numerous columns, reliefs, and additional statues of Ramses and the Egyptian gods. Remarkably, twice a year—on February 21 and October 21—the sun's rays penetrate the temple's deepest sanctuary, illuminating the statues of Ramses and the gods. These dates are thought to mark the birthday and coronation of Ramses II.

The smaller temple of Nefertari is also carved into the rock and features six large statues on its facade—four of Ramses and two of Nefertari. The temple is dedicated to the goddess Hathor, associated with love and beauty.

In the 1960s, during the construction of the Aswan High Dam, the temples were moved stone by stone in an unprecedented archaeological rescue operation to protect them from the rising waters of Lake Nasser. Today, they stand about 65 meters higher and 200 meters inland from their original location.

The temples of Abu Simbel are now a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of Egypt’s most famous tourist attractions. They represent not only the artistic and architectural achievements of ancient Egypt but also the significance Ramses II placed on his own power and divinity.

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Chapters
▷ 00:00 - Intro
▷ 00:04 - The Cliff Temples of Abu Simbel, Egypt

#documentary #unesco #treasuresoftheworld #heritageofmankind #egypt #ramses #abusimbel
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UNESCO has been protecting the world's most valuable natural and cultural monuments as the "Heritage of Humanity" since 1972. The television series “Treasures of the World” tells of these places in impressive images.

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