Thanjavur, formerly known as Tanjore, is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is renowned for its rich history, cultural heritage, and architectural marvels, particularly from the Chola dynasty era. Thanjavur is the 11th largest city in Tamil Nadu and serves as an important center for South Indian religion, art, and architecture. The city is famous for the Great Living Chola Temples, UNESCO World Heritage Monuments, including the Brihadeeswara Temple built by Chola emperor Rajaraja I. This temple is notable for housing one of India's largest Nandi (bull) statues, carved out of a single granite rock.
Thanjavur's significance extends beyond its historical and architectural contributions; it is also a key agricultural hub located in the Cauvery Delta, earning it the nickname "Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu." The city's administration falls under the Thanjavur Municipal Corporation, with a population of approximately 293,861 as of 2022.
The city's history dates back to its prominence during the Chola dynasty when it served as the empire's capital. Over the centuries, Thanjavur has been ruled by various dynasties, including the Mutharaiyar dynasty, Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai Nayaks, Thanjavur Nayaks, Thanjavur Marathas, and the British Empire, before becoming part of independent India in 1947.
Thanjavur's name is believed to have originated from "thanjam puguntha oor," meaning "the town where refugees entered," reflecting its history of welcoming newcomers. Another legend suggests the name derives from "Tanjan," a demon in Hindu mythology who was killed in the area.
Today, Thanjavur is a vibrant city that continues to celebrate its historical legacy, cultural richness, and agricultural prosperity. It remains a significant tourist destination, attracting visitors to its ancient temples, palaces, and museums, while also serving as a center for classical South Indian music, dance, and art forms like the unique Thanjavur painting style.
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