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Now a days, during a surgery or a dental treatment, we don't feel pain. Sometimes, we are not even conscious. This state is called anesthesia and the drugs which induce anesthesia are called anesthetics. There are three types of anesthesia, local, regional and general.
Local and regional anesthesia are almost the same. In these types, the anesthetics block the nerves of only a small area of the body without making the person unconscious. Hence, the pain signals from that area don't reach the brain, making it insensitive towards pain.
Now, in general anesthesia, the anesthetic is injected through a vein, making us completely unconscious. It is thought that the general anesthetic interrupts the normal firing pattern of neurons in the brain. Hence, different regions of the brain cannot communicate effectively with each other, making us completely unconscious.
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