Venous insufficiency occurs when the veins in the legs struggle to return blood to the heart effectively. Normally, one-way valves in the veins prevent blood from flowing backward. However, when these valves weaken or become damaged, blood can pool in the legs, leading to symptoms such as swelling, pain, heaviness, and in severe cases, skin changes and ulcers. Factors such as aging, genetics, obesity, pregnancy, and prolonged standing or sitting can contribute to venous insufficiency. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, compression therapy, medication, and in some cases, minimally invasive procedures or surgery to repair or remove damaged veins.
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