BIOLOGY MIDTERM REVIEW SONG

**NOTE: any thing in [square brackets] are not lyrics, but notes about what the lyrics mean if you are confused**

Individuals do not evolve, but populations do
However, it is only by inheritable traits; evolution is not goal-oriented.

Biogeograpy, comparative anatomy, molecular biology, and fossils
Reinforce the idea that evolution really is a "thing"

DNA to RNA--transcription in the nucleus--
which then turns into proteins by translation just outside
(This idea is called the "central dogma", and also amino acids and proteins are technically the same thing!)

Formation of simple cells has its own sequence:
First, the abiotic synthesis of monomers
which then are joined for polymers
which are packaged into protobionts.

To pass this test you'll need to know the geologic record:
The eons and the eras and what happens in each.
We'll start with Archean, which has no sub-eras:
Origin of Earth, oldest known rocks, prokaryotes, and [formation of] Oxygen

Now we'll skip to Phanerozoic (divided into three eras)
Under Paleozoic we have the Cambrian explosion before the radiation of reptiles and a mass extinction....

Cone bearing plants dominate
Dinosaurs and mammals originate
before flowering plants appear, and
Barney has to be cancelled. [Dinosaurs go extinct]

Mammals, birds, insects radiate
Primate groups, including apes, originate.
Ice ages, and humans finally appear.

AUG started this song... [AUG is the "start" codon]
But now we have UAA, UAG, and UGA. [those are "stop" codons]

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