The development of the CNS (brain and spinal cord) explained in a very simple way.
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A quick overview of the development of the brain:
1. The notochord induces the overlying ectoderm to differentiate into neuroectoderm and form the neural plate.
2. The neural plate folds and pinches, becoming the neural tube which is open at both ends.
3. As the neural plate folds, some cells differentiate into neural crest cells and form a column of cells along both sides of the neural tube (later becomes the peripheral nervous system - PNS).
4. The rostal part of the neural tube becomes the adult brain.
5. The caudal part of the neural tube becomes the spinal cord.
6. The lumen of the neural tube gives rise to the ventricular system of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord.
I also discuss how the blastula differentiates into the gastrula once it penetrates the uterine wall. A process called gastrulation transforms the blastula to the gastrula which is essentially the three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. I quickly summarise that the mesoderm is made up of 3 more important segments: the paraxial (somites); intermediate (kidneys, gonads), lateral plates (heart, vasculature, etc). It is important to familiarise yourself with these fundamentals.
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Embryology of the CNS (Easy to Understand)
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rhombencephalonprosencephalonmesencephalontelencephalondiencephalonmetencephalonmyencephaloncerebral cortexmidbrainforebrainhindbrainthalamushypothalamusepithalamusmedulla oblongataoblongotaponscerebellumspinecephalicprimary brain vesiclesinterventricular foramenaquaductsilviuslateralflexurescervicalpontinecranial nervesolfactoryopticoculomotortrochleartrigeminalabducensfacialvestibulocochlearglossopharyngealvagusaccessoryhypoglossal