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A kidney stone is a hard mass that forms from crystals in the urine. It can be as small as a grain of sand, or as big as a golf ball.
If you want to prevent kidney stones -- or keep them from coming back -- there are certain foods you should eat often, and certain foods you should restrict or avoid.
Diet changes are individualized depending on the type of stones you have, or are likely to get. There are two types of stones that are most common: calcium oxalate stones, and uric acid stones.
Calcium Oxalate Stones
Medical thinking on foods containing a lot of calcium has changed over the years. Doctors used to recommend against eating calcium rich foods, but they now say combining calcium with oxalate is actually a good thing, especially when you consume them during the same meal.
Oxalate and calcium tend to bind together in the stomach and intestines before entering the kidneys. This reduces the likelihood that kidney stones will form.
So it's okay to eat and drink calcium foods such as milk, yogurt, ice cream and some cheese along with oxalate-rich foods. High levels of oxalate is found in peanuts, rhubarb, spinach, beets, Swiss chard, chocolate and sweet potatoes.
Uric Acid Stones
To avoid uric acid kidney stones, eat a lot of vegetables and fruits, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products.
If you're thinking about taking vitamin and mineral supplements, talk to your doctor first. Some appear to be okay, including the B vitamins. In fact, some studies have shown that B6 may actually help people with high urine oxalate. Seek advice from a health care professional about vitamin C, vitamin D, fish, liver oils or other mineral supplements.
Some supplements can increase the chances of stone formation in some individuals.
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