Mast cells are a type of granulocyte that have basophilic granules on H&E stain. They are activated by 5 things: trauma, IgE aggregation, C3a, C5a, and by drugs including vancomycin. Upon activation, mast cells degranulate to release substances, which include histamine, heparin, eosinophil chemotactic factors like IL-5, and tryptase. Although mast cell degranulation is good in response to injury or infection, aberrant mast cells degranulation in response to harmless allergens results in allergy and anaphylaxis. Abnormal mast cell activation also contributes to the pathophysiology of asthma. The mast cell stabilizing drugs cromolyn and nedocromil can be used to prevent degranulation, which can be useful in the treatment of asthma and allergy.
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