The history of railways in Indonesia began when the first construction of the Semarang-Vorstenlanden (Solo-Yogyakarta) railway line in Kemijen Village by the Governor General of the Dutch East Indies, Mr. L.A.J Baron Sloet van de Beele dated June 17, 1864. Construction was carried out by the private company Naamlooze Venootschap Nederlansch Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (NV. NISM) using a gauge width of 1435 mm. Meanwhile, the Dutch East Indies government built a state railway line via Staatssporwegen (SS) on April 8, 1875. The first SS route covered Surabaya-Pasuruan-Malang. The success of NISM and SS has encouraged private investors to build railway lines such as Semarang Joana Stoomtram Maatschappij (SJS), Semarang Cheribon Stoomtram Maatschappij (SCS), Serajoedal Stoomtram Maatschappij (SDS), Oost Java Stoomtram Maatschappij (OJS), Pasoeroean Stoomtram Maatschappij (P.SMappij). ), Kediri Stoomtram Maatschappij (KSM), Probolinggo Stoomtram Maatschappij (Pb.SM), Modjokerto Stoomtram Maatschappij (MSM), Malang Stoomtram Maatschappij (MS), Madoera Stoomtram Maatschappij (Mad.SM), Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij (DSMatschappij). Apart from Java, the construction of railway lines was carried out in Aceh (1876), North Sumatra (1889), West Sumatra (1891), South Sumatra (1914), and Sulawesi (1922). Meanwhile, in Kalimantan, Bali, and Lombok only studies were conducted on the possibility of installing rail roads, not yet at the construction stage. Until the end of 1928, the length of railways and trams in Indonesia reached 7,464 km, with details of government-owned rails being 4,089 km and privately being 3,375 km. In 1942 the Dutch East Indies government surrendered unconditionally to Japan. Since then, the Indonesian railways were taken over by Japan and changed its name to Rikuyu Sokyuku (Railway Service). During the Japanese occupation, railway operations were only prioritized for war purposes. One of the developments in the Japanese era was the Saketi-Bayah and Muaro-Pekanbaru crossings for the transportation of coal mining products to run their war machines. However, Japan also carried out the demolition of the 473 km long rail that was transported to Burma for the construction of a railway there. After Indonesia proclaimed independence on August 17, 1945, a few days later, the Japanese-controlled railway stations and headquarters were taken over. The climax was the takeover of the Bandung Railways Headquarters on September 28, 1945 (now commemorated as Indonesian Railways Day). This also marks the establishment of the Indonesian Railways Department of the Republic of Indonesia (DKARI). When the Dutch returned to Indonesia in 1946, the Dutch re-established a railway in Indonesia called Staatssporwegen/Verenigde Spoorwegbedrif (SS/VS), a combination of SS and all private railway companies (except DSM). Based on the peace agreement at the Round Table Conference (KMB) in December 1949, the Dutch East Indies government took over assets.

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