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Ions
Since atoms search for stability, electrons can be taken and given away. When this happens, ions are formed. Since the number of electrons no longer equals the number of protons, ions can be negatively or positively charged.
Positive and Negative Ions
Positive ions are formed when unstable atoms give away one or more electrons to other atoms.
Since the electrons are negatively charged it results in more positive charges (protons don’t change) compared to negative charges.
This results in a net positive charge.
Example: Na
If Na were to give away one electron there would be 11 protons and 10 electrons. This means there is one more positive charge so the charge of the sodium ion is +1. The reverse happens for negative ions. Electrons are gained by the atom.
Question 11
Predict the type of ion chlorine will create and determine the charge of that ion.
Chlorine is in Group 7 so it has 7 electrons in its outer shell. It can gain 1 or give away 7. It is easier to gain 1 than lose 7 so it will acquire 1 more electron. This creates a negative ion. There is 1 more electron than a proton in the new ion so the charge of the new ion is –1.
Question 12
Predict the type of ion magnesium will create and determine the charge of that ion.
Magnesium is in Group 2 so it has 2 electrons in its outer shell. It can gain 6 or give away 2. It is easier to give away 2 than gain 6 so it will give away 2 electrons. This creates a positive ion. There are 2 more protons than electrons in the new ion so the charge will be +2.
