Arnhem is a city and municipality in the Netherlands and the capital of the province of Gelderland. The municipality has 164,096 inhabitants, making it the twelfth municipality in the Netherlands. It has a total area of 101.54 km², of which 97.82 km² is land and 3.72 km² is water (January 31, 2022).
In addition to the city of Arnhem, the municipality of Arnhem also includes the villages of Elden and Schaarsbergen, the hamlets of De Praets and 't Vlot, and parts of the hamlets of Terlet and Deelen. Arnhem is part of the Arnhem Nijmegen City Region partnership.
Arnhem is located on the river Nederrijn, the IJssel and the Sint-Jansbeek. The city lies on both sides of the Lower Rhine (also called Rhine for short). Especially the southern part of the city developed on a large scale after the Second World War. The city is internationally known for the Battle of Arnhem: in the Second World War, Arnhem played an important role because of the airborne landing and battle of the allied troops in September 1944, as part of Operation Market Garden. In various places in the city, monuments mark the places where fierce fighting took place during the war.
The Gelderland court and the Arnhem-Leeuwarden court are located in the city, and it is the base of the national military chamber and the airmobile brigade. In addition, the city is home to a number of national and international sights, including the Dutch Open Air Museum and Koninklijke Burgers' Zoo.
The name Arnhem is said to be derived from Arn or Aro - from the Germanic arnu (eagle) - and heem (home).
The name Arneym is first mentioned in 893 in a property register of the Abbey of Prüm. Earlier, around 814, a written mention was made of Meginhardeswich; this is the current Meijnerswijk in Arnhem-South. The city was sacked by the Vikings in 847.
In the Arnhem accent, the city is called Èrnem. The Arnhem dialect (Ernems) differs greatly from other South Gelderland dialects due to The Hague influences: in the second half of the 18th century wealthy residents of The Hague moved to country houses in the woods around Arnhem. The Hague accent was adopted by the local Arnhem population because this accent provided status. Today, the accent is mainly spoken in working-class neighborhoods such as 't Broek, de Geitenkamp and Klarendal (pronounced klerendoal).
Arnhem also has some nicknames. For example, in the second half of the 19th century, the city was called the 'Haagje of the East'; In Arnhem, just like in The Hague, many former Indies settled in that period. Traders, former officers and sugar and tobacco planters who had become wealthy in the Dutch East Indies built houses along the Velper-, Utrechtse- and Amsterdamseweg. The middle class and cultural life flourished because of their arrival. As a result, Arnhem became a city with an elite appearance.
On 1 January 2022, Arnhem had 163,885 inhabitants, of which approximately 66% are of full Dutch descent and 34% have at least one parent or grandparent who was born abroad.
In terms of population, it is the third largest municipality (after Nijmegen and Apeldoorn) and the second largest city in Gelderland. Groot Arnhem (De Connectie) is a partnership between the municipality of Arnhem, Renkum and Rheden. Due to the collaboration that started in 2017, the municipalities of Renkum and Rheden are becoming increasingly intertwined with Arnhem.
The last groups of entrants did not bring about major changes in segregation. Well-to-do citizens and intelligentsia have traditionally dominated in the Burgemeesterswijk and Hoogkamp, the Singels, Alteveer and Cranevelt, the Spijkerkwartier and, since its construction, the Schuytgraaf district. People with lower incomes per family member can be found in Klarendal, Het Broek, de Geitenkamp, Presikhaaf, Monnikenhuizen and Malburgen, among others. Middle groups have been living in the Elderveld, De Laar, Rijkerswoerd and Vredenburg/Kronenburg since the construction.
The city changes along with its population structure. Former simple neighborhoods with small and poor housing such as Klarendal and Presikhaaf went through a phase of gentrification and now have a socially mixed population.
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