Nephrotic syndrome results from glomerular filtration barrier (eg, podocyte) injury that leads to heavy proteinuria (over 3.5 g/day), hypoalbuminemia & peripheral edema.
Hypercoagulability (↑ thromboembolism risk) caused by:
Urinary loss of anticoagulant proteins (eg, antithrombin III)
Hepatic synthesis of prothrombotic proteins (eg, fibrinogen)
Urinary loss of immunoglobulins & opsonizing factors → Hyperlipidemia (↑ atherosclerosis risk)
Urinary loss of immunoglobulins & opsonizing factors → Infection
(particularly encapsulated bacteria)
Negative nitrogen balance → Protein malnutrition
Low oncotic pressure → Intravascular volume depletion
