Several large cities and more than 300,000 people live inside calderas and craters of the massive Campi Flegrei volcano in Italy. Since this volcano is still at an alert level of yellow, what exactly does this indicate? This video will discuss the current activity at the large caldera complex known as Campi Flegrei, as well as show a timeline of its 40 Holocene epoch eruptions.
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Sources/Citations:
[1] INGV
[2] Isaia, R., P. Marianelli, and A. Sbrana (2009), Caldera unrest prior to intense volcanism in Campi Flegrei (Italy) at 4.0 ka B.P.: Implications for caldera dynamics and future eruptive scenarios, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L21303, doi:10.1029/2009GL040513.
[3] Bevilacqua, A., F. Flandoli, A. Neri, R. Isaia, and S. Vitale (2016), Temporal models for the episodic volcanism of Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) with uncertainty quantification, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 121, 7821–7845, doi:10.1002/2016JB013171.
[4] Amoruso, A., Crescentini, L., D’Antonio, M. et al. Thermally-assisted Magma Emplacement Explains Restless Calderas. Sci Rep 7, 7948 (2017). [ Ссылка ], CC BY 4.0.
[5] Scarpati C, Perrotta A, Lepore S, Calvert A. Eruptive history of Neapolitan volcanoes: constraints from 40Ar–39Ar dating. Geological Magazine. 2013;150(3):412-425. doi:10.1017/S0016756812000854
[6] VEIs, dates/years, composition, tephra layer name, DRE estimates, and bulk tephra volume estimates for volcanic eruptions shown in this video which were assigned a VEI 4 or larger are sourced from the LaMEVE database (British Geological Survey © UKRI), [ Ссылка ], Used with Permission
[7] Source of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) methodology and criteria: Newhall, C. G., and Self, S. (1982), The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism, J. Geophys. Res., 87(C2), 1231–1238, doi:10.1029/JC087iC02p01231. Accessed / Read by Youtube.com/GeologyHub on Oct 5th, 2022.
[8] YouTube Creative Commons, "Visita al Vulcano Solfatara", By: Vito Simi de Burgis, [ Ссылка ], CC BY 3.0 license
[9] Amoruso, Antonella & Crescentini, Luca & D'Antonio, M. & Acocella, Valerio. (2017). Thermally-assisted Magma Emplacement Explains Restless Calderas. Scientific Reports. 7. 10.1038/s41598-017-08638-y., CC BY 4.0
[10] Di Vito, M., Acocella, V., Aiello, G. et al. Magma transfer at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) before the 1538 AD eruption. Sci Rep 6, 32245 (2016). [ Ссылка ], CC BY 4.0.
[11] Giudicepietro Flora, Macedonio Giovanni, Martini Marcello, A Physical Model of Sill Expansion to Explain the Dynamics of Unrest at Calderas with Application to Campi Flegrei, Frontiers in Earth Science, Volume 5, 2017, [ Ссылка ], DOI: 10.3389/feart.2017.00054, ISSN: 2296-6463, CC BY 4.0.
0:00 Campi Flegrei Volcano
0:25 Craters & Calderas
2:26 Current Situation
3:02 Timeline of Eruptions
