Mucocele is a common disorder of minor salivary glands which arises due to mucous accumulation resulting from their alteration.
Mucocele is the most common lesion of the oral mucosa.
Main mechanism is because of ruptured salivary gland duct usually caused by local trauma. Or obstruction of salivary duct, and it causes mucus retention and cyst formation.
So, two main mechanism exist. First extravasation due to trauma of salivary duct and mucus building inside duct.
Second obstruction of salivary gland duct.


Mucocele structurally is more polyp then cyst. Because lack of epithelial lining. But the name is still cyst.


Signs and Symptoms:
Mucoceles are typically painless, and they are usually small and soft.
But the size can very from 1 mm to several centimeters.
Commonly they are transparent or slightly bluish.
Its more common among children and young adults.
Mucocele can be recurrent.
And it can lasts several days sometimes even several years.


The most common location to find a mucocele is the inner surface of the lower lip.
Also, inner side of the cheek (known as the buccal mucosa), on the anterior ventral tongue, and the floor of the mouth.
Other locations also possible.
Mucocele is more common in young adults. 70 % of cases are diagnosed before age 30.
Causes:
Trauma is the most common cause of mucocele.
One of the most common causes of trauma is biting your lip while you’re chewing.
Other causes include:
Long-term (chronic) inflammation due to smoking or using tobacco products.
Thickened or damaged salivary ducts.
Trauma from intubation.


Diagnosis:
Diagnosis typically made by visual examination and based on symptoms.
But some cases other methods are needed like:
Ultrasound; Biopsy; Computed tomography (CT) scan.
Treatment:
in many cases, Mucocele can spontaneously resolved after several times.
You shouldn’t attempt to get rid of an oral mucocele on your own. Oral mucocele home treatment can cause an infection or damage to your oral tissues.
For example after several days.
Recurrence is possible, thus the adjacent salivary gland may be excised as a preventive measure.
Surgical removal of mucocele is treatment.
Laser removal is minimally invasive technique. And recovery time is also minimal.
Micro-marsupialization technique is as efficacious as surgical excision for the treatment of mucocele.
Micro-marsupialization is a procedure carried out to drain the accumulated saliva by passing a suture thread along the largest diameter of the lesion.
A nonsurgical option that may be effective for a small or newly identified mucocele is to rinse the mouth thoroughly with salt water (one tablespoon of salt per cup) four to six times a day for a few days. This may draw out the fluid trapped underneath the skin without further damaging the surrounding tissue.


In the general population, oral mucoceles occur in 2.4 out of every 1,000 people.
Prognosis:
Oral mucoceles are normally harmless, painless cysts that don’t cause any long-term complications. The prognosis is generally good.




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