Phototransduction is the conversion of a light stimulus into a change in membrane potential that results in altered release of neurotransmitter by the rods and cones. Oddly, the lack of light stimulus results in depolarization and release of neurotransmitter while a light stimulus will hyperpolarize the cell, reducing that output. The neurotransmitter released can be either stimulatory or inhibitory to the bipolar cell, depending upon the receptors found there, indicating that light can either activate or inhibit particular retinal pathways.
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