Operation Epsilon: Heisenberg and the German Bomb. Farm Hall transcripts. German Uranium Project

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Videos mentioned:
Critical Mass: when the atomic bomb got real [ Ссылка ]
Physics of a Nuclear Explosion [ Ссылка ]
Series on Nuclear Weapons Physics [ Ссылка ]

Papers:
- The History of ‘Hitler's Atomic Bomb’ needs to be corrected, M. Popp (2015) - [ Ссылка ]
- Why Hitler Did Not Have Atomic Bombs, M. Popp (2021) [ Ссылка ]
- The Peculiarities of the German Uranium Project, M. Popp & de Klerk (2023) [ Ссылка ]

Special thanks to:
- The Hoover Institution Archives for kindly allowing the use of the Alsos Mission Films, part of the Boris T. Pash papers
- the American Institute of Physics for permission to access and use the secret documents captured during the Alsos Mission, now part of the Samuel A. Goudsmit papers; and
- Professor Manfred Popp for internal communication and documents.

Affiliate links (may earn a commission)
The Night of the Physicists: Operation Epsilon [ Ссылка ]
The Secret Recordings at Farm Hall [ Ссылка ]
Operation Epsilon, The Farm Hall Transcripts [ Ссылка ]
Operation Epsilon [ Ссылка ]
Brighter Than a Thousand Suns: A Personal History of the Atomic Scientists [ Ссылка ]
Heisenberg's War: The Secret History of the German Bomb [ Ссылка ]
Alsos [ Ссылка ]

Credits:
Alsos Mission Films, Boris T. Pash papers, Film reel 1, Hoover Institution Archives [ Ссылка ]
Alsos Mission Films, Boris T. Pash papers, Film reel 2, Hoover Institution Archives [ Ссылка ]
Alsos Mission Films, Boris T. Pash papers, Film reel 3, Hoover Institution Archives [ Ссылка ]
Alsos Mission Films, Boris T. Pash papers, Film reel 4, Hoover Institution Archives [ Ссылка ]
Operation Epsilon, National Archives and Records Administration [ Ссылка ]
A portrait of LTG Leslie R. Groves by U.S. Army, public domain
Alsos team at cache of uranium by AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives
Germany map by Freepik [ Ссылка ]
Stern-Gerlach experiment by Theresa Knott under CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed [ Ссылка ]
Alsos members by U.S. Army, public domain
US map by Freepik [ Ссылка ]
Quantum projection of S by Theresa Knott under CC BY-SA 3.0
Alsos aircraft by Mickey Thurgood, Samuel A. Goudsmit papers, 1921-1979. Niels Bohr Library & Archives, American Institute of Physics (AIP).
Semi-empirical mass formula diagram adapted from Daniel FR under CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed [ Ссылка ]
Farm-Hall by sps1955 under CC BY 2.0 Deed [ Ссылка ]
Tape recorder by Cottonbro Studio on Pexels [ Ссылка ]
Typewriter by KoolShooters on Pexels [ Ссылка ]
BBC radio microphone by Leif Jørgensen under CC BY-SA 4.0 Deed [ Ссылка ]
Critical mass by Fastfission, public domain
Heidelberg cyclotron, Samuel A. Goudsmit papers, 1921-1979. Niels Bohr Library & Archives, American Institute of Physics (AIP).
French cyclotron, Musée des Arts et Métiers, Paris by Edal under CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed [ Ссылка ]
Cyclotron diagram, Samuel A. Goudsmit papers, 1921-1979. Niels Bohr Library & Archives, American Institute of Physics (AIP).
Heidelberg cyclotron courtesy of Archives of the Max Planck Society, Berlin
Graphitkugel fuer Hochtemperaturreaktor by Stefan Kühn, public domain
Walther Bothe portrait courtesy of Archives of the Max Planck Society, Berlin
Haigerloch reactor replica by ArtMechanic under CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed [ Ссылка ]
Baseball card of Morris "Moe" Berg by Goudey, public domain
The Catcher Was a Spy poster by Animus Films/PalmStar Media/Serena Films/Windy Hill Productions
Heisenberg papers by Springer Berlin
Kosmische Strahlung cover by Springer Berlin
Particle cascade by Theturnipmaster under CC BY-SA 3.0 Deed [ Ссылка ]
Albert Speer by the German Federal Archive (Deutsches Bundesarchiv) under CC BY-SA 3.0 DE Deed [ Ссылка ]

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