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What is angle-closure glaucoma?
Angle-closure glaucoma is one of two main types of glaucoma, a condition that’s defined by high pressure within your eye. The name for this pressure is intraocular pressure (IOP).
High IOP happens because fluid called aqueous humor can’t flow freely in your eye. In angle-closure glaucoma, a bulging or swollen iris (the colored part of your eye) blocks the drainage system. The condition may happen quickly or over time.
Other names for angle-closure glaucoma are closed-angle glaucoma and narrow-angle glaucoma.
What are the symptoms of angle-closure glaucoma?
Acute angle-closure glaucoma symptoms may include:
Severe eye pain.
Redness.
Vision loss.
Seeing rainbow-colored rings around lights or halos.
Headache.
Nausea and vomiting.
When they’re present, which doesn’t always happen, symptoms of chronic angle-closure glaucoma and other forms of non-acute angle-closure glaucoma may include:
Redness.
Blurred vision.
Eye discomfort.
Headache or brow ache.
What causes angle-closure glaucoma?
Angle-closure glaucoma happens because aqueous humor in your eye can’t flow in and out as it normally should. Your body constantly makes new fluid to replace the existing fluid.
When the old fluid can’t leave your eye, it backs up and causes pressure. The pressure causes damage to your optic nerve.
There are many reasons that you can get glaucoma. With angle-closure glaucoma, the reason is that your natural lens thickens over time and pushes against your iris, blocking the drainage passages.
Management and Treatment
How is angle-closure glaucoma treated?
There’s no cure for angle-closure glaucoma, but there are treatments.
Treatments for acute angle-closure glaucoma
Treatment for acute angle-closure glaucoma must happen quickly to avoid vision loss.
Your provider will offer treatments that may include:
Medications. These include timolol, pilocarpine and brimonidine eye drops and oral acetazolamide.
Laser iridotomy. This is a procedure that makes a hole in your iris to allow fluid to flow freely. If you have an episode of acute angle-closure glaucoma in one eye, your provider will do an iridotomy on both eyes. Otherwise, you’re at risk of having an episode in your other eye.
