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Digestive System
l The digestive system mainly consists of alimentary canal and its associated glands.
l Mouth leads into a buccopharyngeal cavity which opens into oesophagus through gullet.
l Stomach is situated behind the oesophagus and divisible into cardiac stomach and pyloric stomach.
l The small intestine is divisible into an anterior duodenum and a posterior ileum. Digestion of food and absorption of digested food occur in the small intestine.
l Ileum leads to rectum or large intestine. The rectum opens into the cloaca through the anus.
l Digestive glands of frog include liver, pancreas, gastric glands and intestinal glands.
Nervous System
l It is highly developed and comprises of:
– Central nervous system (CNS) includes brain and spinal cord. Brain is covered by two meninges; duramater (outer) and pia-arachnoid (inner). Brain is divisible into three parts: Forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain.
Spinal cord is located in the vertebral column and joins the medulla oblongata via foramen magnum of the cranium (brain case).
– Peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes 10 pairs of cranial nerves and 9 pairs of spinal nerves . Rarely 10th (paired or unpaired) spinal nerve is found.
– Autonomic nervous system is made up of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves which controls and coordinates the involuntary activities of the visceral organs.
l Five types of sense organs are skin (tangoreceptor), taste buds (gustatoreceptor), nasal chambers (olfactoreceptor), eyes (photoreceptor) and ears (stato-acoustic organs).
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