I used an Arduino Uno and a Pro Micro with the ArduinoISP sketch to read and program other Arduinos and individual Atmel chips on a breadboard. This is useful when needing to recover an Arduino that needs a bootloader, or when using separate chips with AVRDude.

Configure the Arduino that will be used as an ISP programmer by programming the "ArduinoISP" sketch found in the Arduino IDE under File/Examples/ArduinoISP.
Then follow the instructions in the video to hook it up to a target device to program that target.

0:00 Intro and background details on the concept
1:57 10uF Reset pin capacitor? Do I need it?
2:46 Reset capacitor technical explanation
5:00 Programming one Uno by using another Uno as an ISP programmer - Hookup
6:05 Example: Reading ATTiny and ATMega 8515 fuses from command line with AVRDude
9:20 Example: Programming sketch into one Uno using another Uno configured as an ISP Programmer
10:03 Example: Programming an Uno Bootloader using another Uno as ISP
11:20 Example: Using Pro Micro as ISP programmer


I seemed to need the Uno 10uF reset capacitor when using the Arduino IDE but not when using AVRDude from the command prompt.

AVRDude commands used on a Mac terminal - syntax of path names, COM ports etc may be different on other OS'. Refer to AVRDude usage guide for specifics:

General command structure: avrdude avrdude-config-file -P COMPORT -b 19200 -c avrisp -p CHIPNAME [FUSE READ COMMAND SAME FOR ALL]

Read high and low fuses from ATMega8515:
/Volumes/GR_ROOT/avrdude -C /Volumes/GR_ROOT/avrdude.conf -P /dev/cu.wchusbserialfd1220 -b 19200 -c avrisp -p atmega8515 -U lfuse:r:-:i -U hfuse:r:-:i

Read high and low fuses from ATTiny26:
/Volumes/GR_ROOT/avrdude -C /Volumes/GR_ROOT/avrdude.conf -P /dev/cu.wchusbserialfd1220 -b 19200 -c avrisp -p attiny26 -U lfuse:r:-:i -U hfuse:r:-:i

Read high and low fuses from ATMega328P on an Uno target:
/Volumes/GR_ROOT/avrdude -C /Volumes/GR_ROOT/avrdude.conf -P /dev/cu.wchusbserialfd1220 -b 19200 -c avrisp -p atmega328p -U lfuse:r:-:i -U hfuse:r:-:i

Arduino as ISP programmer details
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Fritzing ProMicro component
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AVRDude install and usage info
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