This is a confusing pair of words, no doubt about it!
Mayor - this can be either a diphthong sound (there are two sounds making up this vowel) or a single long monthong (one vowel sound only).
As a diphthong, it starts from the DRESS vowel and then moves to a schwa sound.
As a monophthong it's a long /e/, the same vowel as DRESS, BED or HEAD but lengthened.
Other words with this vowel include: SQUARE, HAIR, THEIR.
Major - this words includes /dʒ/ which is commonly written with J (hence the confusion with this pair I think). It's the same sound as in words like JAM, JUICE or IMAGINE.
➡️ Try this sentence:
🗣 She was mayor of a major city.
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