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• Water is the most abundant molecule in ingested fluids.
• Water plays a primary role in hydrolytic digestive reactions.
• Helps liquefy and transport digestive foodstuffs down the tract.
• Transports secretions from accessory digestive organs to gastrointestinal tract.
• Aids in the absorption of nutrients.
• The stomach mucosa produces hydrochloric acid, a strong acid.
• Gastric acid breaks hydrogen bonds and alters the globular shape of proteins to promote the :
• Production of pepsin, the gastric enzyme.
• Destruction of microbial proteins.
▪ Enzymes more easily break down the resulting polypeptide into smaller peptides.
• Bile is produced by the liver.
• Bile consists mostly of bile salts (produced from cholesterol) and water.
• Primary function of bile is emulsification of fatty globules.
• Emulsification facilitates efficient breakdown of fat molecules by lipase enzymes.
• Bicarbonate is secreted into the intestine to:
• Buffer the acidic chyme from the stomach and protect intestinal mucosa.
• Promote an alkaline pH level in the small intestine to create a proper environment for intestinal enzymes to function normally.
