This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Georgia (country) since 1991
00:02:04 1 Prehistoric period
00:05:31 2 Antiquity
00:05:40 2.1 Early Georgian kingdoms of Colchis and Iberia
00:10:17 2.2 The Roman–Iranian rivalry and the Roman conquest of Colchis
00:14:17 2.3 Adoption of Christianity as state religion
00:18:13 3 Medieval Georgia
00:18:22 3.1 Unification of the Georgian state
00:20:56 3.2 Between Seljuqs and Byzantines
00:23:30 3.2.1 Great Seljuk invasion
00:24:55 3.3 King David IV the Builder and Georgian Reconquista
00:28:23 3.4 Queen Tamar the Great and the Golden Age (1184–1213)
00:30:44 3.5 Mongol invasion and decline of the Georgian Kingdom
00:32:56 4 Early modern period
00:33:06 4.1 Ottoman and Iranian domination
00:38:13 4.2 The 18th and 19th century: from a mainly Iranian-centred theatre to Russian annexation
00:45:32 5 Modern history
00:45:41 5.1 Russian Empire
00:47:22 5.1.1 Growth of the national movement
00:50:13 5.2 Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918–1921)
00:51:04 5.2.1 Georgian-Armenian War (1918)
00:52:28 5.2.2 Red Army invasion (1921)
00:53:02 5.3 Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1990)
00:57:48 5.4 Independent Georgia
00:57:56 5.4.1 Gamsakhurdia presidency (1991–1992)
01:00:08 5.4.2 Shevardnadze presidency (1992–2003)
01:04:26 5.4.3 Saakashvili presidency (2004–2013)
01:11:42 5.4.4 Margvelashvili presidency (2013–present)
01:14:05 6 See also
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"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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The nation of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველო sakartvelo) was first unified as a kingdom under the Bagrationi dynasty by the King Bagrat III of Georgia in the 8th to 9th century, arising from a number of predecessor states of the ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Iberia. The Kingdom of Georgia flourished during the 10th to 12th centuries under King David IV the Builder and Queen Tamar the Great, and fell to the Mongol invasion by 1243, and after a brief reunion under George V the Brilliant to the Timurid Empire. By 1490, Georgia was fragmented into a number of petty kingdoms and principalities, which throughout the Early Modern period struggled to maintain their autonomy against Ottoman and Iranian (Safavid, Afsharid, and Qajar) domination until Georgia was finally annexed by the Russian Empire in the 19th century. After a brief bid for independence with the Democratic Republic of Georgia of 1918–1921, Georgia was part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic from 1922 to 1936, and then formed the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic until the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
The current republic of Georgia has been independent since 1991. The first president Zviad Gamsakhurdia stoked Georgian nationalism and vowed to assert Tbilisi's authority over Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Gamsakhurdia was deposed in a bloody coup d'état within the same year and the country became embroiled in a bitter civil war, which lasted until 1995. Supported by Russia, Abkhazia and South Ossetia achieved de facto independence from Georgia. The Rose Revolution forced Eduard Shevardnadze to resign in 2003. The new government under Mikheil Saakashvili prevented the secession of a third breakaway republic in the Adjara crisis of 2004, but the conflict with Abkhazia and South Ossetia led to the 2008 Russo–Georgian War and tensions with Russia remain unresolved.
The history of Georgia is inextricably linked with the history of the Georgian people.
