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Muscles in the Posterior Compartment of the Thigh / Hamstring Muscles

The hamstring muscles, or simply the hamstrings, are a group of three long muscles located in the posterior compartment of the thigh, shaping up the surface anatomy of this region. These muscles are the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus muscles.

The hamstrings are closely related to each other as they share a common origin point, and they all attach to the proximal parts of the tibia and fibula. They are innervated by the tibial and common fibular (peroneal) divisions of the sciatic nerve (L4-S3).

All the hamstring muscles cross the hip and knee joints and act upon them. The primary function of the hamstrings is to flex the knee joint and extend the hip, enabling some of the essential lower limb activities such as walking, running, and climbing. The hamstrings have an important stabilizing function as well; they are inactive when the body weight is equally distributed between both lower limbs in a standing position. However, when a person starts tilting forward, these muscles activate and counteract the tilting movement in order to stabilize the hip joint and prevent falling. Also, due to the location of their insertions, the hamstrings act together with the collateral ligaments to stabilize the knee joint.

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