Jabir Waqas..The refrigeration cycle starts and ends with the compressor. The refrigerant flows into the Compressor where it is compressed and pressurised. At this point, the refrigerant is a hot gas. The refrigerant is then pushed to the Condenser which turns the vapour into liquid and absorbs some of the heat.Four core components (the compressor, the condenser, expansion valve, and the evaporator) work together to control when/where refrigerant is absorbing heat, and when/where it is releasing heat.he evaporator does the exact opposite of the condenser. Instead of turning the refrigerant from gas to liquid, it turns the refrigerant from liquid to gas (thus the name “evaporator”). Instead of expelling heat, it absorbs heat and turns the air cold around it. This is where the “conditioning” of the air occurs.

Continuing the pipe example, imagine a long series of pipes in an extremely hot room. When the water first enters the pipes, it is moving as a slow liquid. But by the end, after many twists and turns, the pipe and water have absorbed so much heat that the water has boiled and is a low-pressure gas.

Think of the pressure cooker, remembering that pressure increases as temperature increases. Again, the reverse is true: increasing (or decreasing) the pressure will cause the temperature to change. So the evaporator and condenser work not by using a machine to heat/cool the refrigerant, but by changing the pressure of the refrigerant, which thus changes its temperature. In the evaporator, the refrigerant is evaporated into a gas, which forces it to absorb heat from the air around it, cooling the house where the system is placed.
Subcooling
An expansion device/capillary tube is meant to control the amount of liquid refrigerant passing through onto the evaporator. If gas refrigerant reaches the device/tube, the system will not work as it should. To ensure only liquid refrigerant reaches the component, the refrigerant is subcooled. Simply put, the refrigerant is made significantly cooler than the boiling point, to make sure all of the refrigerant is in liquid state.
For example, if refrigerant needs to be under 100°F to be a liquid, the refrigerant may be cooled to 85°F. This ensure that there are no pockets of refrigerant left that are accidentally over 100°F, which could prevent the correct operation of the system.

Superheat
Superheat is similar. A compressor is made to compress gas refrigerant. It can be damaged if liquid refrigerant flows into it. So the gas is heated significantly above boiling point, to ensure there are no pockets of liquid refrigerant left. So if the refrigerant needs to be heated over 100°F to be a gas, the system will heat it to 115°F, just to be sure.

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