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Located in the central part of the Penibetic Mountain Range, the Sierra Nevada massif constitutes the most extensive Iberian mountain area equipped with its own structural unit. Called by the Arabs as "Sierra del Sol", it is home to one of the most valuable flora in all of Europe. It was declared a Biosphere Reserve in 1986.
Sierra Nevada is a mountain massif that constitutes a clearly differentiated geographical unit. It is located southeast of the city of Granada and extends through the western end of Almería. It has a characteristic contrast between the soft relief of slightly steep hills in some areas and very abrupt in others. In this Park are the largest peaks of the Peninsula: Mulhacén (3,482 m) and Veleta (3,392 m). The main plant communities that are distributed in this mountain massif are the holm oak forests, deciduous forests of chestnut and pylon, high mountain pine forests and the broom at higher levels, where the species adopt a cushioned shape to protect themselves from the low winter temperatures and the icy winds. As for the fauna, there are invertebrates that are exclusive to this massif, among which are more than 20 species of butterflies. There are also numerous species of small birds, a good number of birds of prey and various mammals, among which the ibex stands out, which grazes in the high mountains.
