Natural and Artificial Selection are fairly straightforward, and in this video, I give you everything you need to know. Full transcript below.
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Thanks for stopping by, today we are going to talk about evolutionary selection, specifically Natural Selection and Artificial Selection.
But before we get into that, let’s define selection. Selection is the process by which inherited traits are selected for or against and thus become more or less abundant in the population.
Now let’s apply this definition to natural selection.
For natural selection to occur in a population three criteria must be met.
1 – There must be variation in the population.
-For example, brown beetles vs green beetles of the same species.
2 – The trait must be heritable. Which is to say, it can be passed on from one generation to the next.
3 – More offspring are produced then the environment can support.
-In other words, a portion of all the offspring will die because there aren’t enough resources to support them.
So in natural selection nature selects which ones will die based of how their traits “fit” with that environment.
Going back to our beetle example, if there is a drought one year and all of the green vegetation dies leaving only brown earth behind, the brown beetle will thrive while the green population dwindles. Nature selected for the brown beetle through a natural occurrence which favored the brown beetle.
No let’s compare this to Artificial Selection
Artificial selection requires only two of the three criteria; There is variation in the population and the trait is heritable.
The difference with artificial selection is that humans decide which traits are passed on, not nature.
Artificial Selection is used in agriculture and animal breeding all the time. People want cows that produce the best and most milk, so they don’t breed ones that have low milk production. Likewise horses have a variety of breeds for a variety of jobs, breeders use artificial selection to do this. All the different breeds of dogs are a result of this as well.
So natural selection and artificial selection are really two sides of the same coin. Both are mechanism of evolutionary selection, but the process by which they work is slightly different.
I hope that helped, throw any questions you have in the comments and be sure to subscribe for more helpful videos like this one. Thanks, we’ll catch you next time.
