NIST's new atomic time interval standard, the NIST-F2, combines laser cooling with a liquid nitrogen-cooled chamber to achieve unprecedented accuracy in a cesium fountain clock. The improved clock will not gain or lose 1 second in 300 million years. This animation illustrates how cesium atomic fountain clocks work in general and features the improvements made to the NIST-F2.
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Animation credit: Trent Schindler
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![](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/9ikbD7UGzoI/maxresdefault.jpg)