What is an isolation transformer?
An isolation transformer is a transformer used to transfer electrical power from a source of alternating current power to some equipment or device while isolating the powered device from the power source, usually for safety reasons or to reduce transients and harmonics.
An isolation transformer is a type of transformer that primarily serves three main purposes: electrical isolation, voltage transformation and to reduce transients and harmonics.
Electrical Isolation: An isolation transformer is designed to separate the input and output sides of the transformer physically and electrically. This isolation helps prevent electrical noise, voltage spikes, and other undesirable effects from passing between the source of alternating current (AC) power and the device or equipment connected to the transformer's output. This can enhance safety by minimizing the risk of electrical shocks and isolating sensitive equipment from potential disturbances in the power supply.
Voltage Transformation: While one of the key functions of an isolation transformer is isolation, it can also perform voltage transformation. The primary and secondary windings of the transformer are wound on separate coils, and the transformer can be designed to step up or step down the voltage as needed. This is especially useful when the input voltage needs to be adjusted to match the requirements of the connected equipment.
Reducing Transients and Harmonics: Isolation transformers can also help reduce the impact of electrical transients (sudden voltage spikes) and harmonics (undesirable frequency components) in the power supply. The physical separation of windings and the impedance of the transformer can act as a buffer, attenuating these disturbances and providing cleaner power to the connected device.
Isolation transformers find applications in various settings, including hospitals, laboratories, data centers, audio equipment setups, and industrial environments where electrical safety, signal integrity, and equipment protection are important considerations.
