The Eastern State Penitentiary is a former American prison in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was operational from 1829 to 1971 and was one of the most expensive and famous prisons of its time. It is known for its radial design and separate system of solitary confinement, where prisoners were isolated from each other and kept in individual cells. The prison was designed to encourage spiritual and moral reflection on the part of the prisoners, and was the first correctional facility to use the separate system of solitary confinement. It has since been designated a National Historic Landmark and is now open to the public as a museum.
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