A shadoof or shaduf is an irrigation tool. A less common English translation is swape and it is also called a counterpoise lift, well pole, well sweep, or simply a sweep in the US., and a Jiégāo in Chinese. The shadoof was an early crane-like tool with a lever mechanism, used in irrigation since around 3000 BCE by the Mesopotamians, 2000 BCE by the ancient Egyptians, and later by the Minoans, Chinese, and others. Irrigation is a way of watering crops using basins, dikes, ditches, walls, canals, and waterways. The shadoof was used to lift water from a river or lake onto land or into another river or lake. It looks like a long pole with a bucket attached to the end of it. It is still used in many areas of Africa and Asia and very common in rural areas of India such as in the Bhojpuri belt of the Ganges plain where it is named "dhenki". They remain common in Hungary's Great Plain, where they are known as "gémeskút" and are considered a symbol of the region. It was also known by the Ancient Greek name kēlōn or kēlōneion ; this term is also borrowed in Mishnaic Hebrew.
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