Canada is the second-largest country by land area in the world, covering approximately 9.98 million square kilometers (3.85 million square miles). Only Russia is larger.

Canada is officially bilingual, with English and French as its two official languages. This bilingualism reflects the country's colonial history and diverse cultural heritage, especially in the province of Quebec where French is predominantly spoken.

Canada boasts the longest coastline of any country in the world, stretching over 202,080 kilometers (125,187 miles). This coastline is bordered by three major oceans: the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic Oceans.

Canada is home to more than 2 million lakes, including a significant portion of the Great Lakes. Together with the U.S., Canada and the U.S. share the Great Lakes, which contain about 84% of North America's fresh surface water.

The iconic red maple leaf on the Canadian flag represents the country's natural heritage and cultural symbolism. The maple leaf has been a symbol of Canada since the 18th century, and the flag itself was adopted on February 15, 1965, a date now celebrated annually as National Flag of Canada Day.

Canada's climate is extremely varied due to its vast size. From the Arctic cold of the northern territories to the temperate climate of the west coast, Canada experiences everything from harsh winters to mild summers. The city of Vancouver has the mildest winter temperatures of any major Canadian city.

Canada is one of the most multicultural countries in the world. According to the 2021 Census, over 25% of the population is foreign-born, and more than 200 ethnic origins are reported in the census.

The CN Tower in Toronto, completed in 1976, was the tallest free-standing structure in the world until 2009. At 553.3 meters (1,815 feet), it remains one of the tallest observation towers globally.

Poutine is a beloved Canadian dish originating from Quebec. It consists of french fries topped with cheese curds and smothered in gravy. This comfort food has gained popularity across Canada and even internationally.

Canada’s Trans-Canada Highway is the world’s second-longest national highway, stretching over 7,821 kilometers (4,860 miles) from Victoria, British Columbia, to St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador. It connects all ten provinces and serves as a major route across the country.

Canada has been the birthplace of several significant inventions, including the telephone (by Alexander Graham Bell), insulin (by Frederick Banting and Charles Best), and the Zipper (by Gideon Sundback).

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