"Reported speech. How to change tenses". Upper-Intermediate lesson 4
In this lesson on Reported Speech, we will be looking at how to report statements, and the changes we must make to the tenses which were used in the direct speech.
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Reported speech is reporting of people's words. It's the exact meaning of what someone said, but not the exact words. We can use "that" after introductory verbs (say, tell, answer, explain, remind, etc.) or we can leave it out. It's not always necessary to change the tense of the verb when you use reported speech. If you're reporting something and feel that it's still true, you don't need to change the verb. If we report someone's words and we feel that the situation has changed (it's called out-of-date reporting), the verbs change to the past. Lets have a look at some examples:
Present Simple - Past Simple
e.g. "There's an accident on the road", he said. - He said (that) there was an accident on the road.
Present Continuous - Past Continuous
e.g. "I'm looking for the exit", she answered. - She answered (that) she was looking for the exit.
Past Simple - Past Simple/Past Perfect
e.g. "The hostess saw us off", they explained. - They explained (that) the hostess saw/had seen them off.
Past Continuous - Past Continuous/Past Perfect Continuous
e.g. "I was waiting for you outside", she reminded them. - She reminded (that) she was/had been waiting for them outside.
will - would
e.g. "I'll take care of the patient", the doctor promised. - The doctor promised (that) he would take care of the patient.
may - might
e.g. He assumed, "The may come over." - He assumed (that) they might come over.
can - could/would be able to (future)
e.g. She said, "I can assist you." - She said (that) she could/would be able to assist me.
must - must/had to (obligation)
e.g. The doctor told me, "You must stay at the hospital." - The doctor told me (that) I must/had to stay at the hospital.
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