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Speaking Rate: 0.9835740045217076
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-A


"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates


SUMMARY
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The criteria for determining who has achieved human spaceflight vary. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) defines spaceflight as any flight above 100 kilometres (62 mi), a definition recognized by every country. In the 1960s, the United States Department of Defense awarded the rating of astronaut to military and civilian pilots who flew aircraft higher than 50 miles (80 km). This list follows the FAI criterion.
From the Department of Defense, eight USAF and NASA pilots qualified for the Astronaut Badge by flying the sub-orbital X-15 rocket spaceplane. One of these, Joseph A. Walker, flew the X-15 above 100 km on two flights, becoming the first person to enter space twice. However, the other pilots did not reach the 100 km FAI limit.
All other men and women traveled to outer space in non-winged rockets, the orbital Space Shuttle, or the sub-orbital Scaled Composites SpaceShipOne rocket spaceplane.People who died training for space travel or died during missions that failed to reach the required altitude such as Christa McAuliffe can be found in the article on space disasters.
As of June 17, 2018, a total of 561 people have gone to space.
As of November 6, 2013, a total of 536 people from 38 countries have gone into space according to the FAI guideline (543 people have qualified when including the US Department of Defense classification). Of the 536, three people completed only a sub-orbital flight, 533 people reached Earth orbit, 24 traveled beyond low Earth orbit and 12 walked on the Moon.
Space travelers have spent over 29,000 man-days (or a cumulative total of over 77 years) in space including over 100 man-days of spacewalks.
Names in italic are space travelers who have left low Earth orbit.
National flags indicate the space traveler's citizenship at the time of flight(s).
A before a name denotes space travelers who have walked on the Moon.
A before a name denotes that the person died during spaceflight, or during an attempted spaceflight.
A before a name denotes a female space traveler.
A before a name denotes a male space traveler.
A before a name denotes that the person is currently in space.

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