Chapter 3 of our Made in Ancient History series kicks off with how the Kingdom of Macedonia restructured itself under Philip II and conquered Greece.

Macedonia, also called Macedon, was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece, and later the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece. The kingdom was founded and initially ruled by the royal Argead dynasty, which was followed by the Antipatrid and Antigonid dynasties. Home to the ancient Macedonians, the earliest kingdom was centered on the northeastern part of the Greek peninsula, and bordered by Epirus to the west, Paeonia to the north, Thrace to the east and Thessaly to the south.

Before the 4th century BC, Macedonia was a small kingdom outside of the area dominated by the great city-states of Athens, Sparta and Thebes, and briefly subordinate to Achaemenid Persia. During the reign of the Argead king Philip II (359–336 BC), Macedonia subdued mainland Greece and the Thracian Odrysian kingdom through conquest and diplomacy. With a reformed army containing phalanxes wielding the sarissa pike, Philip II defeated the old powers of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC.

After defeating the Greek city-states of Athens and Thebes at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC, Philip II led the effort to establish a federation of Greek states known as the League of Corinth, with him as the elected hegemon and commander-in-chief of Greece for a planned invasion of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia. However, his assassination by a royal bodyguard, Pausanias of Orestis, led to the immediate succession of his son Alexander, who would go on to invade the Achaemenid Empire in his father's stead.

Welcome to our new MADE IN ANCIENT HISTORY series! This series is meant to be a deep dive into the Ancient and Classical periods all over the WORLD! This 3rd Chapter is called Alexander's Age, and deals with the Mediterranean and Near East from the Rise of Macedon until the Hellenistic Age, and ending with Roman consolidation of most of Italy.

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0:00 Ancient Macedon
2:52 Philip II and the Macedonian Army
7:07 End of Greece... and Philip

All images used with CC license.
Music used:
Oppressive Gloom by Kevin MacLeod
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