Dr.Ritu Choudhary - MBBS, MS - Obstetrics & Gynecology

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Bleeding between periods is defined as the bleeding which occurs after the period ends, or before the next period begins. In such incidents, a person may notice light brown spotting in their underwear or a heavy flow resembling a regular period.

Causes

The medical term for bleeding between periods is ‘metrorrhagia’. Light vaginal bleeding is called 'spotting’. Bleeding between periods can have a range of causes such as hormonal changes, injury, or any underlying health conditions.

Hormonal contraceptives
Hormonal contraceptives can cause vaginal bleeding between periods which usually only occurs during the first 3 months of using the contraceptive.

If bleeding between periods is very heavy or lasts for longer than 3 months, it may be a good idea to seek medical advice.

Implantation bleeding
Some women experience spotting as an early sign of pregnancy, this is called implantation bleeding.

Termination
An abortion can cause spotting anytime after the procedure is done, irrespective of the periods date.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Some sexually transmitted infections like Chlamydia (STIs) can cause vaginal bleeding.
Injury
If the skin or tissue of the vagina is damaged, it can bleed. The most common way for this to happen is during penetrative sex. It is much more likely if the vagina is dry.

The body produces a natural lubricant that prepares the vagina for penetrative sex. Vaginal dryness can be caused by many factors including a lack of arousal, changing hormone levels due to menopause, diabetes, or cancer treatment.

Menopause or perimenopause
Menopause usually happens between the ages of 45 and 55. It is marked as the time at which a woman has not had a period for 1 year.

Perimenopause is the period leading up to menopause. This can last for up to 10 years as hormone levels in the body change.

Hormone levels are often unstable during perimenopause. This can cause irregular periods, spotting, and heavy bleeding.

Polyps in the cervix or vagina
Polyps are small growths. They can develop in the uterus or on the cervix, which is the structure between the vagina and uterus. In some cases, polyps can cause bleeding and may need to be removed.

Polycystic ovary syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) causes irregular periods, as well as intermittent bleeding between periods.

Consult a doctor if vaginal bleeding between periods is heavy. A gynecologist can help you understand the necessary precautions you must take.

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