Learn more about Stem Cell Treatment for ALS Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis Therapy.
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Motor neuron degeneration that lead to rapid muscle atrophy and premature death are hallmarks of disorders, such as (ALS) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, MND and (SMA) spinal muscular atrophy. Currently cell-based therapies for targeting motor neuron replacement and proactive neuroprotection are being used effectively in some cases however the results are not consistent and many challenges remain.

Lower spinal motor neurons can be divided alpha classes, beta classes, and gamma classes with subtypes including fast-twitch fatiguable, slow twitch fatigue-resistant and fast-twitch fatigue resistant depending on the type of muscle fiber they innervate. Motor neuron cell death leads to the loss of muscle function is the main characteristic of conditions like ALS and SMA. These neuro degenerative disorders affect different groups of motor neurons across central nervous system (CNS).

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS is an onset disease that is characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons in the brainstem, cortex, and spinal cord leading to the eventual atrophy of skeletal muscle, lung function that leads to eventual paralysis and death of patients usually 1 to 5 years after diagnosis. Across the world, incidence of ALS is reported in 3 out of 100,000 cases, and the overall risk for developing ALS is 1 in 3000 individuals, making it the most common motor neurodegenerative disorder. According to the latest ALS research in 2020 it occurs both sporadically (90% of cases) and non sporadic (familial/genetic) forms due to mutations in the SOD1 gene.

Isolated and expanded Neural tissues and Astrocytes represent a natural source for cell transplantation as they can be expected to integrate with host tissue and typically survive for much long periods of time by incorporating into the damaged areas, and thereby providing longer-term support for any dying motor neurons. Astrocytes are the most abundant (glial cell) types in the brain and human spinal cord and represent about 60%-65% of all cells in the central nervous system. These isolated cells can help provide metabolic support to motor neurons, help modulate proper glutamate removal, help regulate blood flow and contribute to proper regulation of CNS. Human NSCs and neural progenitor cells can also be used as an alternative approach to protecting existing motor neurons in the spinal cord by targeting the degenerating connections within the muscle themselves.

Currently there is no treatment available for non-sporadic ALS but for Sporadic cases, Optimization of the cell transplantation techniques, combined with proper cell grafting of appropriate cell lineages provide us with the most potent neuroprotective techniques and therapeutic strategies for dealing with ALS and other motor neuron related disorders that are sporadic in nature.



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