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Salivary glands are a group of glands that secrete saliva into the mouth. There are three pairs of salivary glands in humans: the parotid glands, the submandibular glands, and the sublingual glands. Each of these glands produces a slightly different type of saliva, but all salivary gland secretions contain a mixture of water, electrolytes, mucus, enzymes, and antimicrobial substances.
The production and secretion of saliva is regulated by the autonomic nervous system, which is composed of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. The parasympathetic system stimulates the salivary glands to produce large amounts of watery saliva, while the sympathetic system causes the production of a smaller volume of thick and viscous saliva.
Saliva has several important functions in the oral cavity, including:
Lubrication: Saliva helps to moisten and lubricate the mouth and throat, making it easier to swallow food.
Digestion: Saliva contains enzymes such as amylase and lipase that begin the process of breaking down carbohydrates and fats in food.
Protection: Saliva contains antimicrobial substances such as lysozyme and lactoferrin that help to prevent the growth of bacteria in the mouth.
pH regulation: Saliva helps to maintain the pH balance in the mouth, which is important for dental health.
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