Recently completed excavations at Tel Kedesh, the largest mound in Israel's Upper Galilee, have brought to light a huge administrative compound. Its discovery was wholly unexpected and the finds have changed our understanding of the region’s history during the Second Temple Period. Under the rule of, respectively, the Achaemenid Persians, the Ptolemies of Egypt, and the Seleucids of Syria, the large compound was the setting for interactions between imperial powers and local elites. Discoveries such as glass and stone seals show the embrace of Persian styles; store rooms with jars filled with an experimental strain of wheat show Ptolemaic agricultural exploitation in action; an archive with over 2000 clay bullae depicting Greek and Phoenician deities, along with the largest and earliest gold coin ever found in Israel, reflect power diplomacy between Phoenician elites and Seleucid officials. The compound's life ends in the wake of a battle between the Hasmonean leader Jonathan and a Seleucid faction, an event which the author of 1 Maccabees incorporates and re-frames as a key event in the birth of the independent Jewish Hasmonean kingdom.

Professor Andrea M. Berlin, Ph.D. is the James R. Wiseman Chair in Classical Archaeology at Boston University. She has been excavating in the eastern Mediterranean for over thirty years, working on projects from Troy in Turkey to Coptos in southern Egypt to Paestum, in Italy. Her specialty is the Near East from the time of Alexander the Great through the Roman era, about which she has written/edited five books and over sixty articles. She is especially interested in studying the realities of daily life, and in exploring the intersection of political and cultural change in antiquity. The Raphael Patai Lecture is made possible by the generosity of his daughters Jennifer Schneider & Daphne Patai and by Simone Boy.

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