#lipids #functionalmedicine #oxidativestress #chiropractic #carolstream
Lipid metabolism involves the synthesis of the structural and functional lipids (such as phospholipids, glycolipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, prostaglandins, etc.) that are characteristic of individual tissues and the degradation of lipids to satisfy the metabolic needs of the body (e.g., energy production). Dr. Jawad discusses how and where we digest lipids (triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids) and how we transport them around the body.
He also introduces the lipoproteins and highlights the differences between chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, and HDL's.
Although the term “lipid” includes several types of molecules, lipid metabolism usually refers to the breakdown and synthesis of fats. Fats are triglycerides, they are esters of glycerol and three fatty acids. Fats can come from the diet, from stores in adipose tissue, or can be synthesized from excess dietary carbohydrates in the liver.
Dietary fats are digested mainly in the small intestine, by the action of bile salts and pancreatic lipase. Bile salts emulsify fats. They act as a detergent, breaking large globules of fat into smaller micelles, making them more accessible to lipase. Pancreatic lipase then converts triglycerides into monoglycerides, free fatty acids, and glycerol. These products move into the cells of intestinal epithelium - the enterocytes, inside which they re-combine again to form triglycerides.
Triglycerides are packaged along with cholesterol into large lipoprotein particles called chylomicrons. Lipoproteins enable transport of water-insoluble fats within aqueous environments. Chylomicrons leave the enterocytes, enter lymphatic capillaries, and eventually pass into the bloodstream, delivering fats to tissues. The walls of blood capillaries have a surface enzyme called lipoprotein lipase. This enzyme hydrolyzes triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol, enabling them to pass through the capillary wall into tissues, where they are oxidized for energy, or re-esterized for storage.
Fats that are synthesized endogenously in the liver are packed into another type of lipoprotein, the VLDL, to be transported to tissues, where triglycerides are extracted in the same way.
When required, fat stores in adipose tissue are mobilized for energy production, by the action of hormone-sensitive lipase, which responds to hormones such as epinephrine.
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DR. JINAAN JAWAD
D.C., DACNB, FACFN, FIAMA, CFMP
Dr. Jawad is a Board Certified Chiropractic Neurologist and Acupuncturist. In addition, a Diplomat for the American Chiropractic Neurology Board, Fellow of the American College of Functional Neurology as well as Fellow of the International Academy of Medical Acupuncture. He is a Certified Functional Medicine Practitioner.
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